Stable Diffusion

On August 22, 2022, Stability AI shipped the weight file for an image generation model, and image AI stopped being "something behind the cloud" and became "software you run on your own PC." This article covers how Stable Diffusion works (diffusion models), the version lineage (SD1.5/SDXL/SD3.5 + FLUX), the real story of running it locally by VRAM tier, the licensing journey from the SD3 backlash to the current Community License $1M cap, the Civitai/LoRA/ComfyUI/A1111/ControlNet ecosystem, and how to pick between Midjourney and SD. Finishes with three pitfalls: copyright, NSFW, and the compatibility splits between generations. By the end, you will know whether you are the "Midjourney is fine" person or the "you actually need SD" person.

In April 2026, OpenAI's DALL·E handed off to GPT Image 2; the same month Google's Imagen 4 Ultra took the photorealism crown, and March had already brought Midjourney V8 with 5x speed and 2K HD by default. Black Forest Labs' FLUX 1.1 Pro Ultra counters at $0.04/image, Ideogram V3 hits 90-95% text accuracy, Recraft V3 owns vector and design-system output, and Adobe Firefly Image 5 plays the commercial-safety card for ad and publishing work. This article organizes the 8 major image-AI tools as of May 2026 into five strength camps (photo / text / art / commercial-safe / design system), walks through pricing models (subscription vs. pay-per-image vs. free), six use-case decision patterns, and the common traps in commercial use and copyright — grounded in independent-evaluator data and a practical viewpoint.